Sand Martins (Riparia riparia) are the smallest member
of the European hirundines or martin and swallow family and if you wondering
why they have ‘sand’ in their name it because they nest is sandy banks on
riverbanks, coastal cliffs, gravels pits and in recent years artificial
breeding sites that us humans have made for them. Being a summer migrant Sand
martins are an international bird spending the winter in Africa and the summer in
Europe.
This presents two issues for this
species, firstly they need a good winter in Africa and unfortunately due to
drought they have been some noticeable population crashes in the past. The
second issue Sand martins have had to deal with is the habitat loss of their
breeding sites. Gradually over the years many rivers, streams and becks have
had their banks altered and made more like Roman roads (or canalised). In
theory this makes water travel faster from A to B along stone or concrete walled
channels and not as it once was a meandering waterway with sandy banks. Other
issues for Sand martins have been listed as livestock eroding riverbanks and
the law that is there to protect nesting birds means that many developers
and gravel pit extraction companies will now not leave unused areas suitable for Sand martin as
they fear prosecution for disturbing any nesting Sand martins which take up use (Sand Martin Artificial Breeding Sites by Edward Cowley 2009). Sand martins are now listed as Amber Species
of European Concern.
Thankfully ornithologists and
conservationist have stepped in and now on may disused gravel pits that have
become nature reserves and other areas where we know there is a gap in nesting
habitat they have made artificial breeding sites. We know the River Bela once had
Sand martins nesting and therefore when we were planning the pond it just seem
like an interesting idea to add an artificial bank for Sand martins and
Kingfishers. The River Bela is a tributary of Morecambe Bay and the nearest Sand
martin nesting site that we know of is 3.5 miles away on a nearby river which
is also flows into Morecambe Bay. Knowing this in theory Ellers
should be an ideal place for such a grand design! It is too early to say but
the Kingfisher has already been seen checked out the pond and on the 29th
April 2015 Sand martins were seen feeding along the River Bela! Sand martins have continued to feed along the river and have been checking out the new pond, but as yet we have not seen any signs of nesting. We may not get them nesting this year, but at least we know they have clocked their new nesting site for next year!
Sand Martin and Kingfisher
Artificial Breeding site – Our step by step Guide!
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| What we came to call the bible! |
2.
We have gone for a mix of artificial nests in pipes for
Sand martins and a natural earth bank so both Sand martins and Kingfishers can build there
own nests.
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| The Plan (Only in Andrew's head at time of building)! |
3. Foundation. Made of concrete with reinforcing bar.
4. Walls made of concrete block 5m by 2m.
5. Once the walls are up, cement rendering started.
6. With the front board tempoaryly on a template could be draw around the block holes. Then we we could cut out the randon located nesting entrances.
7. Nesting pipes 70cm long and 127mm in diameter. Pipes backed with plastic bags and attached with cable ties. Once pipes are in place they can be half filled with sand and then the front board bolted in place.
8. Once the artificial nesting site was complete, we filled up the natural nesting bank with a layers of 50/50 sand/soil at a ratio of 50:1 dry cement. A temporary front board was put up to support the back filling of these layers of sand, soil and cement. We then left the front board on for about a week to allow the dry cement to go off, which has left a really hard bank that we hope is similar in structure to a riverbank.
9. Once all the bank was in place, we set to and painted the rendered walls and front board to give it a more natural look and I finished it off with a Sand martin silhouette painting.
